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What is Free Evolution? Free evolution is the notion that the natural processes that organisms go through can lead them to evolve over time. This includes the creation of new species as well as the change in appearance of existing ones. This has been proven by many examples, including stickleback fish varieties that can live in saltwater or fresh water and walking stick insect varieties that have a preference for particular host plants. These typically reversible traits do not explain the fundamental changes in the body's basic plans. Evolution by Natural Selection Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all living creatures that inhabit our planet for many centuries. 에볼루션 accepted explanation is Darwin's natural selection process, which is triggered when more well-adapted individuals live longer and reproduce more effectively than those that are less well adapted. Over time, the population of well-adapted individuals becomes larger and eventually forms an entirely new species. Natural selection is a cyclical process that is characterized by the interaction of three factors: variation, inheritance and reproduction. Sexual reproduction and mutations increase the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance refers the transmission of genetic characteristics, which includes recessive and dominant genes, to their offspring. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring which includes both asexual and sexual methods. Natural selection can only occur when all these elements are in balance. For instance, if an allele that is dominant at the gene allows an organism to live and reproduce more often than the recessive allele, the dominant allele will be more prominent in the population. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or lowers the fertility of the population, it will go away. This process is self-reinforcing meaning that an organism that has an adaptive trait will live and reproduce much more than those with a maladaptive trait. The more offspring that an organism has the more fit it is which is measured by its capacity to reproduce itself and survive. People with desirable characteristics, like a longer neck in giraffes, or bright white color patterns in male peacocks are more likely survive and produce offspring, which means they will make up the majority of the population over time. 에볼루션 카지노 사이트 affects populations, not individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory that states that animals acquire traits due to usage or inaction. For instance, if a Giraffe's neck grows longer due to reaching out to catch prey, its offspring will inherit a longer neck. The length difference between generations will continue until the neck of the giraffe becomes too long that it can no longer breed with other giraffes. Evolution through Genetic Drift In genetic drift, the alleles within a gene can be at different frequencies in a population through random events. Eventually, only one will be fixed (become common enough to no longer be eliminated through natural selection), and the rest of the alleles will drop in frequency. This can lead to an allele that is dominant in extreme. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity decreases to zero. In a small population it could result in the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This is known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of evolutionary process that occurs when a lot of individuals migrate to form a new group. A phenotypic bottleneck may also occur when the survivors of a catastrophe such as an outbreak or mass hunting event are confined to an area of a limited size. The surviving individuals are likely to be homozygous for the dominant allele meaning that they all share the same phenotype, and therefore have the same fitness characteristics. This situation could be caused by war, earthquakes or even a plague. The genetically distinct population, if left vulnerable to genetic drift. Walsh, Lewens, and Ariew employ Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew use a “purely outcome-oriented” definition of drift as any deviation from expected values for different fitness levels. They give a famous example of twins that are genetically identical, share identical phenotypes and yet one is struck by lightening and dies while the other lives and reproduces. This kind of drift could play a crucial part in the evolution of an organism. However, it is not the only method to progress. The main alternative is a process called natural selection, where the phenotypic variation of a population is maintained by mutation and migration. Stephens argues there is a significant difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as an agent or cause and treating other causes like migration and selection as forces and causes. He argues that a causal-process explanation of drift lets us distinguish it from other forces and that this distinction is essential. He also claims that drift is a directional force: that is, it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. He also claims that it also has a size, that is determined by the size of the population. 에볼루션코리아 through Lamarckism Students of biology in high school are frequently introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution is generally referred to as “Lamarckism” and it states that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms by the inheritance of traits that result from an organism's natural activities usage, use and disuse. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher levels of leaves in the trees. This could result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to offspring, who would then become taller. Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his lecture to begin his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he presented an original idea that fundamentally challenged previous thinking about organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living things evolved from inanimate material through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this might be the case, but he is widely seen as being the one who gave the subject its first broad and comprehensive analysis. The prevailing story is that Lamarckism was an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection and that the two theories battled out in the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately won which led to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired characteristics can be inherited and instead argues that organisms evolve by the symbiosis of environmental factors, like natural selection. Although Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance by acquired characters, and his contemporaries also spoke of this idea however, it was not a central element in any of their theories about evolution. This is largely due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically. It has been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth, and in the age genomics, there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability acquired characteristics. This is referred to as “neo Lamarckism”, or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a form of evolution that is just as relevant as the more popular neo-Darwinian model. Evolution by the process of adaptation One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a type of struggle to survive. In reality, this notion is inaccurate and overlooks the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The struggle for survival is more accurately described as a struggle to survive within a specific environment, which may include not just other organisms but also the physical environment itself. Understanding adaptation is important to comprehend evolution. It is a feature that allows living organisms to survive in its environment and reproduce. It could be a physical structure like feathers or fur. It could also be a behavior trait, like moving into the shade during hot weather or coming out to avoid the cold at night. The survival of an organism depends on its ability to extract energy from the surrounding environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism must possess the right genes to create offspring, and it should be able to access enough food and other resources. In addition, the organism should be capable of reproducing itself at an optimal rate within its environmental niche. These factors, along with mutation and gene flow can result in an alteration in the percentage of alleles (different varieties of a particular gene) in a population's gene pool. This change in allele frequency can result in the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species as time passes. Many of the features we admire in animals and plants are adaptations. For example the lungs or gills which extract oxygen from the air feathers and fur for insulation long legs to run away from predators and camouflage to conceal. However, a complete understanding of adaptation requires paying attention to the distinction between behavioral and physiological characteristics. Physical characteristics like large gills and thick fur are physical traits. The behavioral adaptations aren't like the tendency of animals to seek companionship or move into the shade during hot weather. Furthermore, it is important to understand that a lack of forethought does not make something an adaptation. In fact, failing to think about the implications of a behavior can make it unadaptive, despite the fact that it appears to be sensible or even necessary.